Reading a German translation of Lawrence Lessig’s Free Culture, I was somewhat puzzled about how often the author uses the word war (German: Krieg) when referring to conflicts of some kind. The book is about the effects of copyright on creativity and cultural development, and the term war is often used in order to refer to the struggle between an inventor/originator and the users of their invention or the respective industry. To my German ears, this use of the term seems rather strange and it appears that, very often, its translation with the German Krieg is not a precise one. I you read English or American newspaper from time to time or use some other kind of anglophone media, you have probably already become accustomed to collocations like the following:
- war on drugs
- the republican war on science
- war on waste
- war against spam
- war against piracy
- war against poverty
- war on malaria
All along, I have considered such uses of the term rather pathetic ways of undermining questionable political directions or methods but this might have been wrong (at least to a certain degree). Merrian-Webster defines war as (1) ‘a state of usually open and declared armed hostile conflict between states or nations’ and (2) ‘a. a state of hostility, conflict, or antagonism, b. a struggle or competition between opposing forces or for a particular end’. This seems to fit our examples well – so, no problem, here. The oddity emerges from the fact that Krieg does not have the second connotation (Duden Deutsches Universalwörterbuch, 5. Aufl.:’Krieg: mit Waffengewalt ausgetragener Konflikt zw. Staaten, Völkern, die sich über einen längeren Zeitraum erstreckt‘). If, as can ocasionally be seen, Krieg is used differently, this is normally done in an allegorical way, saying that something has similarity to an armed, military conflict. The difference may be subtle, but it is there. As a half-baked linguist, I ought to be sceptical toward statements like the one I’m going to make, especially since I cannont provide any theoretical backup for it, but I think this actually tells us something about the different conceptions of conflict within the two languages. The question is: does it also tell us something about the different approaches peoples take in order to solve a struggle?

